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Toronto Notes 2019
Principles of Microbiology
Infectious Diseases ID3
Table 1. Common Bacteria
Aerobes
Anaerobes
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Cocci
Staphylococcus S. aureus
S. saprophyticus S. epidermidis S. lugdunensis
Streptococcus
S. pneumoniae
S. pyogenes (GAS) S. agalactiae (GBS) S. anginosis group
Enterococcus E. faecalis
Peptostreptococcus Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes
Bacilli (rods)
Bacillus
B. anthracis Listeria
Nocardia (modified acid-fast positive)
Clostridium
C. difficile
C. tetani
C. botulinum C. perfringens
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Diplococci
Neisseria
N. meningiditis N. gonorrhoeae
Moraxella
M. catarrhalis
Bacilli (rods)
Enterobacteriaceae E. coli
Salmonella Shigella Campylobacter Yersinia
Not Seen on Gram Stain
Acid Fast
Mycobacteria
M. tuberculosis M. leprae
M. avium complex
Others
Obligative intracellular
Rickettsiae Chlamydia
C. trachomatis Chlamydophila
C. pneumoniae
Klebsiella
Legionella
Pseudomonas Mycoplasma Haemophilus
H. influenzae
Bacteroides
B. fragilis
No cell wall Spirochaete (spiral)
Treponema pallidum
Table 2. Commensal Flora
Site
Skin Oropharynx Small Bowel Colon Vagina
Organisms
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Corynebacterium, C. acnes, Bacillus, S. aureus
Viridans group streptococci, Haemophilus, Neisseria, anaerobes (Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Prevotella) E. coli, anaerobes (low numbers)
E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, anaerobes (Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium)
Lactobacillus acidophilus, viridans group streptococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, facultative Gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes
Bacteria
Obligate intracellular bacteria
Rickettsia rickettsii Chlamydia trachomatis Coxiella burnetii
Non-obligate intracellular bacteria
Spiral shaped
Treponema pallidum Borrelia burgdorferi Leptospira spp.
Cocci
Cocci or bacilli
Cocci
Acid fast
M. tuberculosis M. leprae
Anaerobic
Bacteroides fragilis
No growth on sheep blood agar
Haemophilus influenzae Legionella pneumophila
Oxidase –ve
Gram-positive
Anaerobic
Peptococcus
Peptostreptococcus
Spore forming Aerobic Anaerobic
Bacillus anthracis C. botulinum Bacillus cereus C. tetani
Gram-negative
Bacilli
Bacilli/Coccobacilli
Aerobic
Catalase +ve Catalase –ve
Staphylococcus
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Veillonella
N. gonorrhoeae N. meningitidis Moraxella spp.
Non-spore forming
Aerobic
Coagulase +ve
S. aureus
Coagulase –ve
S. epidermidis S. saprophyticus
Enterococci
Aerobic
Listeria
Anaerobic
Lactobacillus
Actinomyces Propionibacterium
Growth on sheep blood agar
Streptococci
Oxidase +ve
C. perfringens C. difficile
monocytogenes C. diphtheriae
α-hemolytic S. pneumoniae
Viridans group Strep
β-hemolytic Group A Strep
(S. pyogenes) Group B Strep (S. agalactiae) Group C Strep Group G Strep
γ-hemolytic S. gallolyticus
Glucose fermenter
Vibrio cholerae Cardiobacterium Pasteurella
Non-glucose fermenter
Bordatella pertussis Campylobacter jejuni Pseudomonas aeruginosa Eikenella Moraxella
Lactose fermenter
Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Aeromonas
Non-lactose fermenter
Salmonella typhi Shigella dysenteriae Proteus mirabilis Yersinia pestis
Figure 2. Laboratory identification of bacterial species