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NP
Nephrology
Jessie Peng and Ariel Yeheskel, chapter editors
Helen Genis and Alexander Sapa, associate editors
Melissa Allwood and Joshua Mehta, EBM editors
Dr. Ramesh Prasad, Dr. Gemini Tanna, and Dr. Alireza Zahirieh, staff editors
Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Anatomy Review . . . . . . . . .
Embryology of the Kidney Renal Structure and Function Renal Hemodynamics
Assessment of Renal Function . . .
Measurement of Renal Function Urinalysis
Urine Microscopy
Urine Biochemistry
. . . . . . . . . . . .2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
. . . . . . . . . . . .5
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7
End Stage Renal Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Presentation of End Stage Renal Disease
Renal Replacement Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dialysis
Renal Transplantation
Common Medications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landmark Nephrology Trials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 37 . 38
. 39 . 40 . 42
Electrolyte Disorders . . . . . . . .
Sodium Homeostasis Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Diabetes Insipidus Potassium Homeostasis Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hyperphosphatemia Hypophosphatemia Hypermagnesemia Hypomagnesemia
Acid-Base Disorders . . . . . . . .
Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Polyria
Acute Kidney Injury . . . . . . . . .
Approach to AKI
Parenchymal Kidney Diseases
. . .
Glomerular Diseases Glomerular Syndromes Tubulointerstitial Disease Vascular Diseases of the Kidney Analgesic Nephropathies
Systemic Disease with Renal Manifestation . . . 31
Diabetes Scleroderma Multiple Myeloma Malignancy
Chronic Kidney Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Management of Chronic Kidney Disease
Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis Renovascular Hypertension Renal Parenchymal Hypertension
Cystic Diseases of the Kidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease Medullary Sponge Kidney
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 16
. . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Toronto Notes 2019
Nephrology NP1