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N6 Neurology
Basic Anatomy Review
Toronto Notes 2019
See Functional Neuroanatomy software
Coordination Exam and Gait
• coordinationexam
■ finger-to-nose, heel-to-shin, knee taps, rapid alternating movements
• stanceandgait
■ Romberg test
■ pull test or push and release test for postural instability
■ gait: antalgic, hemiplegic, ataxic, apraxic (or apraxia-like – not necessarily true apraxia),
Parkinsonian gait, foot drop, broad-based ■ tandem gait (heel-to-toe test)
Basic Anatomy Review
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2 6 5
1 Corticospinal tract
2 Spinothalamic tract
3 Medial lemniscus
4 Reticular formation
5 Nucleus of spinal tract of
trigeminal (V) nerve (descending)
6 Spinal tract of trigeminal (V) nerve
7 Nucleus cuneatus
8 Fasciculus cuneatus
9 Nucleus gracilis
10 Fasciculus gracilis
11 Central canal
12 Arcuate fibres
Figure 1. Brainstem (axial view)
Optic nerve (CN II)
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV) Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Abducens nerve (CN VI) Facial nerve (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Vagus nerve (CN X)
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Figure 2. Brainstem (posterior view)
1716 1 13
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4 23 251 3 15
12 11 21 1918
7 20 2
3 2928 89 22 30
10 Medulla
Pons
13 Pontine nucleus
14 Abducens (VI) nerve fibres
15 Nucleus of facial (VII) nerve (motor) 16 Facial (VII) nerve fibres
17 Trigeminal (V) nerve fibres
18 Nucleus of abducens (VI) nerve
19 Nucleus of spinal tract of
trigeminal (V) nerve
20 Lateral vestibular nucleus 21 Middle cerebellar peduncle 22 Fourth ventricle
ROSTRAL
31 32 Midbrain
Interpeduncular fossa Oculomotor (III) nerve fibres Cerebral peduncle Substantia nigra
Red nucleus Edinger-Westphal nuclei Oculomotor (III) nucleus complex (motor)
Cerebral aqueduct
Pretectal area
Superior colliculus
CAUDAL
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
Anterior communicating artery (AComm)
Internal carotid artery (lCA)
Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
Posterior communicating artery (PComm)
Posterior cerebral artery
Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
Basilar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
Posteror inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) Vertebral artery
Anterior spinal artery
© Enid Hajderi 2011 © Frances Yeung 2005
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