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OT
Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery
Luke Gagnon, Chantal Li, and Dongho (Brian) Shin, chapter editors Ahmad Mousa and Siraj Zahr, associate editors
Michael Elfassy and Alex Tigert, EBM editors
Dr. Jonathan C. Irish and Dr. Evan J. Propst, staff editors
Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Basic Anatomy Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Ear
Nose
Throat
Head and Neck
Anatomical Triangles of the Neck
Differential Diagnoses of Common Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Dizziness
Otalgia
Hearing Loss
Tinnitus
Nasal Obstruction
Hoarseness
Neck Mass
Facial Nerve (CN VII) Paralysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Rhinitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Allergic Rhinitis (i.e. Hay Fever) Vasomotor Rhinitis
Rhinosinusitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Epistaxis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Hoarseness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Acute Laryngitis
Chronic Laryngitis
Vocal Cord Polyps
Vocal Cord Nodules
Benign Laryngeal Papillomas Laryngeal Carcinoma
Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Normal Hearing Physiology Types of Hearing Loss
Pure Tone Audiometry Speech Audiometry Impedance Audiometry Auditory Brainstem Response Otoacoustic Emissions
Aural Rehabilitation
Vertigo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Evaluation of the Dizzy Patient
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Ménière’s Disease (Endolymphatic Hydrops) Vestibular Neuronitis (Labyrinthitis)
Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)
Tinnitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diseases of the External Ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cerumen Impaction
Exostoses
Otitis Externa
Malignant (Necrotizing) Otitis Externa (Skull Base Osteomyelitis)
Diseases of the Middle Ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acute Otitis Media and Otitis Media with Effusion
Chronic Otitis Media Cholesteatoma
Mastoiditis Otosclerosis
Diseases of the Inner Ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss Presbycusis
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease
Drug Ototoxicity
Noise-Induced Sensorineural Hearing Loss Temporal Bone Fractures
Toronto Notes 2019
. 9
Salivary Glands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Sialadenitis
Sialolithiasis
Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Parotid Gland Neoplasms
Neck Masses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Approach to a Neck Mass Evaluation
12
Congenital Neck Masses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Brachial Cleft Cysts/Sinuses/Fistulae
Thyroglossal Duct Cysts
Lymphatic, Venous, or Mixed Venolymphatic Malformations
15
Neoplasms of the Head and Neck . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Thyroid Carcinoma
15
Pediatric Otolaryngology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Acute Otitis Media
Otitis Media with Effusion
Adenoid Hypertrophy
Adenoidectomy
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children
Acute Tonsillitis
Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)
Tonsillectomy
Airway Problems in Children
Signs of Airway Obstruction
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
Acute Epiglottitis
Subglottic Stenosis
Laryngomalacia
Foreign Body
Deep Neck Space Infection
Common Medications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
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Otolaryngology OT1