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E
Endocrinology
Joshua Fletcher and Justine Philteos, chapter editors
Helen Genis and Alexander Sapa, associate editors
Melissa Allwood and Joshua Mehta, EBM editors
Dr. Julie Gilmour, Dr. Jeannette Goguen, and Dr. Phillip Segal, staff editor
Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Basic Anatomy Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Major Endocrine Organs
Dyslipidemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Adrenal Cortex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Adrenocortical Hormones Adrenocortical Functional Workup Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndromes Cushing’s Syndrome
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Hyperandrogenism Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Adrenal Medulla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Catecholamine Metabolism Pheochromocytoma
Disorders of Multiple Endocrine Glands
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasm
Calcium Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia
Metabolic Bone Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Osteoporosis Osteomalacia and Rickets Renal Osteodystrophy Paget’s Disease of Bone
Male Reproductive Endocrinology . . . . .
Androgen Regulation
Tests of Testicular Function Hypogonadism and Infertility Erectile Dysfunction Gynecomastia
Female Reproductive Endocrinology . . .
Paraneoplastic Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common Medications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diabetes Medications
Dyslipidemia Medications
Thyroid Medications
Metabolic Bone Disease Medications Adrenal Medications
Landmark Endocrinology Trials . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Overview of Lipid Transport Hypertriglyceridemia (Elevated Triglycerides) Hypercholesterolemia
Low High-Density Lipoprotein
Dyslipidemia and the Risk for Coronary Artery Disease
Treatment of Dyslipidemias
Disorders of Glucose Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of Glucose Regulation
Pre-Diabetes (Impaired Glucose Tolerance/ Impaired Fasting Glucose)
Diabetes Mellitus
Treatment of Diabetes
Acute Complications
Macrovascular Complications
Microvascular Complications
Other Complications
Hypoglycemia (BG <4.0 mmol/L or 72 mg/dL) Metabolic Syndrome
6
Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .FM7
Pituitary Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Pituitary Hormones
Growth Hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone Antidiuretic Hormone Pituitary Pathology
Thyroid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Thyroid Hormones
Tests of Thyroid Function and Structure Thyrotoxicosis
Graves’ Disease
Subacute Thyroiditis (Thyrotoxic Phase) Toxic Adenoma/Toxic Multinodular Goitre Thyrotoxic Crisis/Thyroid Storm Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Myxedema Coma
Sick Euthyroid Syndrome
Non-Toxic Goitre
Thyroid Nodules
Thyroid Malignancies
Toronto Notes 2019
Endocrinology E1